• Anatomy Physiology Final Exam

Unformatted text preview: Physiology Final Exam Urinary System 1. Describe the gross anatomy of the Urinary System. The Urinary System consists of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra. Once formed by the kidneys, the urine is conducted to the bladder by the ureters. The bladder stores the urine until it is time to excrete it. At this time the urine moves through the urethra and out of the body. Sometimes, crystals in the kidneys from into stones, which also may pass down the ureter to the urethra.

The kidneys are paired organs lying at the rear wall of the abdominal cavity just above the waistline, at about the level of the 12th rib. Kidneys, renal artery drains blood out of the kidneys, urine drains into the ureters and then the urine exits the body through the urethra. Trace a drop of urine from the renal pelvis to the urethra a. Distal tubule  drains into the renal pelvis  then to the ureter  then to the bladder  then exiting the body via the urethra. Describe the functions of the urinary system. Fluid balance b. Excretion of metabolic waste c.

PH balance d. Endocrine functions e.

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Regulation of mineral content f. Describe the anatomy of the nephron, including the vascular portion and the tubular portion. Yale premium alarm kit 825434 manuale.

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The nephron is the function unit of the kidney b. Capillaries surround the tubular portion of the kidney c.

The proximal tubule empties into the loop of Henle, the portion of the tubule that makes up the hairpin loop of the nephron. Describe the process of glomerular filtration and what pressure favors filtration and what pressure oppose filtration. Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure- favors filtration and is = to the BP in the glomerular capillaries (55mm Hg) b. Plasma- Colloid osmotic pressure – opposes filtration ( 30 mm Hg) c. Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure- opposes filtration (15 mm Hg) d.

Anatomy Physiology Final Exam

Net filtration pressure (difference between force favoring filtration and forces opposing filtration- favors filtration ( 55-30+15= 10 mm Hg) 6. Describe how a drop in BP, by constricting the afferent arterioles of the nephrons, affects the glomerular filtration rate. Decrease BP causes an increase in sympathetic activity  gen vasoconstriction of the arterioles. This could also include the afferent arterioles in the nephron. This will lead to decreased glomerular filtration rate which will decrease urine volume which will increase the fluid retained. Describe the process of tubular reabsorption, including the steps in transepithelial transport.